Agilent Technologies E5500 Series User's Guide Page 119

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Additional Imaging Modes 7
Agilent 5500 SPM User’s Guide 119
Current Sensing AFM (CSAFM)
In Current Sensing AFM (CSAFM) an ultra-sharp AFM cantilever,
coated with conducting film, probes the conductivity and topography of
the sample surface. CSAFM requires a special 9 ° nose cone containing
a pre-amp. A bias voltage is applied to the sample while the cantilever is
kept at virtual ground (Figure 85). As in Contact Mode, the tip force is
held constant throughout the scan. The current is used to construct the
Conductivity image.
Figure 85 CSAFM schematic
CSAFM is useful for locating defects in thin films, for molecular
recognition studies, and for resolving electronic and ionic processes
across cell membranes. It has proven useful in joint I/V spectroscopy
and contact force experiments as well as contact potential studies.
CSAFM imaging can be used in an ambient environment or under
temperature or environmental control. However, as surface
contamination (especially a moisture layer on the sample surface) can
reduce the clarity of imaging, it is strongly recommended that CSAFM
be completed in a controlled, low humidity environment.
The Agilent multi-purpose scanner can be used with the CSAFM nose
assembly (Figure 86) for CSAFM imaging. The nose assembly includes
one of three color-coded preamps for varying sensitivity: 10 nA/V (red),
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