Figure 2-11. Guarding techniques
2-4-8. Grounded device measurement capability
Grounded devices such as the input/output of an amplifier can be measured directly using the I-V
measurement method or the reflection coefficient measurement method (Figure 2-12 (a)). However,
it is difficult for an auto balancing bridge to measure low-grounded devices because the measure-
ment signal current bypasses the ammeter (Figure 2-12 (b)). Measurement is possible only when the
chassis ground is isolated from the DUT’s ground. (Note: The 4294A used with the 42941A or the
42942A will result in grounded measurements.)
2-14
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