Agilent Technologies 4294A Instruction Manual Page 135
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Chapter 5 127
Setting Measurement Conditions
Setting Measurement Accuracy, Stability, and Time
5. Setting Measurement
Conditions
A
n
= Sweep-to-sweep averaging result (vector value) at the measurement point when
the sweep count is “n.”
S
n
= Current measurement value (vector value) at the measurement point when the
sweep count is “n.”
F = Sweep-to-sweep averaging factor (entered with the
AVERAGING FACTOR key)
Perform the averaging factor setup as follows:
Step 1. Press the
[Bw/Avg] key to display the measurement bandwidth/averaging menu.
Step 2. Press the AVERAGING FACTOR key to display the current setting for the sweep-to-sweep
averaging in the parameter settings located in the upper left area of the screen.
Step 3. Use the keys or rotary knob of the ENTRY block in one of the following ways to specify a
value for the sweep-to-sweep averaging.
• Enter the desired value with the numeric keys (
[0] to [9], [.], and [-]) and then press the
unit key (
[G/n], [M/m], [k/m], or [´1]).
• Turn the rotary knob (m
mm
m) until the desired value is set.
• Press the step keys ([][¯]) to set the desired value.
NOTE The sweep-to-sweep averaging can be set to any natural number from 1 to 256. Setting the
sweep-to-sweep averaging to 1 is equivalent to turning the averaging OFF.
Step 4. Press the AVERAGING on OFF (or AVERAGING ON off) key to turn the sweep-to-sweep
averaging ON or OFF (pressing the key toggles your selection).
NOTE When the sweep-to-sweep averaging is turned ON, the character “Avg” is displayed in the
parameter settings located in the upper left area of the screen. Below the character is also
displayed the value of sweep-to-sweep averaging that has been performed for the trace.
The sweep-to-sweep averaging starts after turning it ON or pressing the
AVERAGING
RESTART
key. When the averaging starts, “0” is displayed for the averaging count because
the number of traces (sweep data) to be swept is always set to 0 at the initial state. Then the
count increases by 1 as each sweeping ends. After the count reaches the number specified
by the
AVERAGING FACTOR key, it stays constant while sweeping continues.
Averaging for each measurement point (point averaging)
Point averaging averages each data point by a user-specified averaging factor. The Agilent
4294A repeatedly measures the same point until the averaging factor is reached. It then
divides the vector summation of the measurement value by the averaging factor and starts
measuring the next point. The sweep time increases in proportion to the averaging factor.
The algorithm used for point averaging is shown in Equation 5-2.
Softkey label Sweep-to-sweep averaging
AVERAGING on OFF Off
AVERAGING ON off On
- Operation Manual 9
- Notices 10
- Manual Printing History 10
- Safety Summary 11
- Safety Symbols 12
- Certification 13
- Warranty 13
- Limitation of Warranty 13
- Exclusive Remedies 14
- Assistance 14
- Typeface Conventions 14
- 4294A and how to 15
- Contents 17
- 1 Installation 25
- Incoming Inspection 26
- Power Source Requirements 28
- Power Cable 29
- 22 Chapter 1 30
- Installation 30
- Using the LAN Port 32
- Connecting the Keyboard 33
- Using a Rackmount Kit 34
- Option 1CM Rackmount Kit 35
- Environmental Requirements 36
- Instructions for Cleaning 36
- 2 Learning Operation Basics 37
- Required Equipment 38
- Preparing for a Measurement 39
- Turn ON the Power 40
- Connect the DUT 45
- [B] key to activate Trace B 46
- LIN key selected 46
- SPLIT ON off) 47
- Auto-scale the 48
- Auto-scale the q Trace 48
- Chapter 2 41 49
- Learning Operation Basics 49
- 2. Learning Operation Basics 49
- Results of Analysis 50
- Front Panel 52
- 1. ACTIVE TRACE block 53
- 2. MEASUREMENT Block 53
- 3. STIMULUS Block 54
- 4. ENTRY Block 54
- 5. MARKER Block 55
- 6. INSTRUMENT STATE Block 55
- 7. Softkeys 56
- 8. Color LCD Display 56
- 9. Power Switch 56
- 10. UNKNOWN Terminals 57
- Rear Panel 58
- [Trigger] 59
- 10. 24-bit I/O Port 60
- 11. Printer Port 60
- 12. External Monitor Terminal 60
- 13. GPIB Connector 60
- 14. Inlet (with a fuse box) 60
- Items Displayed on the LCD 61
- 5. Softkey Label Area 62
- 7. Marker Status Fields 63
- 9. Limit Line Test Fields 64
- DATA MEM– 67
- 21. Title Field 69
- 62 Chapter 3 70
- Connecting the Accessories 74
- Adapter Setting 75
- Adapter Selection 76
- SETUP key to 79
- PHASE COMP [DONE] 79
- LOAD [DONE] 80
- SETUP key to 82
- PHASECOMP[DONE] 82
- OPEN [-] key to start 84
- OPEN [DONE] 84
- SHORT [DONE] 85
- [Preset] key each time you 90
- [Preset] key; once it is 90
- Active trace Key stroke 91
- Trace B [B] 91
- Selecting Sweep Parameter 92
- 86 Chapter 5 94
- 88 Chapter 5 96
- Figure 5-4 Linear sweep 96
- MKR ® START 98
- MKR ® STOP 98
- MKR ® CENTER 98
- MKR D ® SPAN 99
- MKR ZOOM 99
- 92 Chapter 5 100
- Setting Sweep Range 100
- Figure 5-8 100
- [Source] key 103
- 96 Chapter 5 104
- 98 Chapter 5 106
- Selecting Sweep Direction 107
- Setting with sweep time 110
- Setting with sweep time delay 111
- Setting Oscillator Level 113
- OSC UNIT [VOLT] Voltage 114
- OSC UNIT [CURR] Current 114
- Setting and Applying dc Bias 115
- 5. Turning dc bias ON or OFF 117
- 6. Optimizing dc bias range 117
- [] of the MEAS RANGE [ ] key 118
- Single sweep 122
- Sweep by specified times 122
- Stopping sweep 123
- Preparing list sweep table 126
- 5 PRECISE 130
- AVERAGING on OFF Off 135
- AVERAGING ON off On 135
- POINT AVG on OFF Off 136
- POINT AVG ON off On 136
- 6 Calibration 137
- 4TP 1M).” 143
- 4294A is 144
- 4TP 2M).” 145
- 7mm 42942A).” 147
- Extended 149
- PROBE 42941A).” 151
- User Calibration 155
- CORRECTION on OFF Off 156
- CORRECTION ON off On 156
- Port Extension Compensation 158
- Fixture Compensation 159
- COMP POINT [USER] 163
- 7. Setting Up the Display of 165
- Measurement Results 165
- 1. Quality factor 166
- Auto-scaling the Trace 172
- COMPLEX Z-Y) 174
- SCALE FOR [DATA] Data trace 185
- SCALE FOR [MEMO] Memory trace 185
- Comparison or Calculation 187
- DATA and MEMORY 189
- DATA-MEMORY 189
- DATA/MEM 189
- DATA and MEMORY key) 190
- DATA - MEMORY key) 191
- DELTA % key) 191
- Subtracting an Offset Value 192
- Superimposing Multiple Traces 193
- 188 Chapter 7 196
- 192 Chapter 7 200
- Monitoring the dc Bias Level 201
- To: Pres s: 202
- Selecting the Phase Unit 205
- Hiding the Non-active Trace 207
- Splitting the Graph 208
- ALL INSTRUMENT or 209
- ALL INSTRUMENT 210
- HALF INSTR HALF BASIC 210
- ALL BASIC 210
- BASIC STATUS 210
- 204 Chapter 7 212
- 8. Analysis and Processing 219
- (delta marker) 225
- SEARCH LEFT 234
- SEARCH RIGHT 234
- SUB MKR key located on the 235
- SUB MKR key is equivalent to 237
- PEAK key 237
- 230 Chapter 8 238
- NEXT PEAK LEFT key 239
- Define the Peak 240
- Define peak sharpness 241
- Analyze trace bandwidth 244
- SEARCH IN 249
- SEARCH OUT 249
- MKR ON [DATA] 252
- MKR ON [MEMORY] Memory trace 252
- 246 Chapter 8 254
- Turning off the sub-markers 255
- Turning off the delta marker 255
- MKR ON off ON (displayed) 256
- A, B, C, D or E 258
- STATISTICS ON off On 262
- STATISTICS on OFF Off 262
- Set the limit line 264
- CLEAR LIST - yes (cancel) 269
- Conduct the limit line test 270
- BEEP FAIL ON off ON (beeps) 271
- Step 4. Press the 272
- + 1 kHz) 273
- - 10 degrees) 274
- Specify partial search range 275
- MKR ® MINIMUM 276
- MKR ® MAXIMUM 276
- MKRD ® SEARCH RNG 276
- [Preset] key 279
- 4294A through the HP 280
- Table 8-6 Data structure 285
- (part of trace A) 288
- Table 8-22 297
- PREV FILES 299
- NEXT FILES 299
- Directory name\ 299
- Recall the saved file 300
- FIXED COLOR 302
- IMAGE COLOR 302
- Functions 307
- Setting/Checking the Date 309
- Setting/Checking the Time 310
- BEEP DONE ON off On 312
- BEEP DONE on OFF Off 312
- BEEP WARN ON off On 312
- BEEP WARN on OFF Off 312
- Managing Files 313
- Copying a File 315
- Deleting a File or Directory 318
- FLASH MEMORY 319
- Setting/Checking the GPIB 321
- Setting/Checking the LAN 322
- Checking the MAC Address 326
- Checking the Firmware Version 327
- 322 Chapter 9 330
- Performance Characteristics 331
- Basic Characteristics 332
- Sweep Characteristics 336
- Measurement Time 337
- Trigger Function 337
- Adapter Setup 338
- Calibration 338
- Measurement Accuracy 338
- 344
- 340 Chapter 10 348
- Parameters Yo , Ep , and Zs 348
- 342 Chapter 10 350
- Display Functions 352
- Marker Functions 352
- Equivalent Circuit Analysis 353
- Limit Line Test 353
- Mass Storage 353
- Parallel Printer Port 353
- HP Instrument BASIC 354
- 8-Bit I/O Port 354
- LAN Interface 356
- General Characteristics 357
- External Monitor Output 358
- Operating Conditions 358
- Non-operating Conditions 359
- Other Specifications 359
- 352 Chapter 10 360
- Furnished Accessories 362
- A Manual Changes 363
- Manual Changes 364
- Change 1 365
- Miscellaneous Changes 366
- B Key Definitions 367
- Functions of hardkeys 368
- Table B-4 MARKER block 369
- Table B-6 ENTRY block 369
- [Meas] key 371
- 364 Appendix B 372
- Key Definitions 372
- [Format] key 373
- [Display] key 374
- Appendix B 367 375
- B. Key Definitions 375
- Table B-17 Title menu 376
- Appendix B 369 377
- 370 Appendix B 378
- Appendix B 371 379
- 372 Appendix B 380
- [Scale Ref] key 381
- 374 Appendix B 382
- Appendix B 375 383
- [Bw/Avg] key 384
- Appendix B 377 385
- [Cal] key 386
- Appendix B 379 387
- 380 Appendix B 388
- Appendix B 381 389
- 382 Appendix B 390
- [Sweep] key 391
- 384 Appendix B 392
- Appendix B 385 393
- 386 Appendix B 394
- Appendix B 387 395
- Appendix B 389 397
- [Trigger] key 398
- Appendix B 391 399
- [Marker] key 400
- Appendix B 393 401
- 394 Appendix B 402
- [Marker®] key 403
- 396 Appendix B 404
- [Search] key 405
- Table B-66 Peak (Peak) menu 406
- 400 Appendix B 408
- Appendix B 401 409
- [Utility] key 410
- Appendix B 403 411
- [System] key 412
- Appendix B 405 413
- 406 Appendix B 414
- Appendix B 407 415
- 408 Appendix B 416
- Appendix B 409 417
- 410 Appendix B 418
- Appendix B 411 419
- 412 Appendix B 420
- Appendix B 413 421
- 414 Appendix B 422
- [Local] key 423
- 416 Appendix B 424
- [Copy] key 425
- 418 Appendix B 426
- Appendix B 419 427
- 420 Appendix B 428
- [Save] key 429
- 422 Appendix B 430
- Appendix B 423 431
- 424 Appendix B 432
- Appendix B 425 433
- 426 Appendix B 434
- [Recall] key 435
- 428 Appendix B 436
- C Error messages 437
- 446 Appendix C 454
- Error messages 454
- WRONG I/O PORT DIRECTION 454
- D Initial Settings 455
- Appendix D 449 457
- Initial Settings 457
- Backed Up 457
- D. Initial Settings 457
- 450 Appendix D 458
- Appendix D 451 459
- 452 Appendix D 460
- Appendix D 453 461
- 454 Appendix D 462
- Index 455 463
- 456 Index 464
- Index 457 465
- 458 Index 466
- Index 459 467
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